indonesian civil engineering

Kamis, 10 Desember 2015

State cause of shortage of engineers or civil engineer

Why Countries shortage civil engineer? whether the State was a shortage of smart people or many are reluctant to work in construction? felt it was not, since the fact that many contractors are formally their education background instead of civil engineering but could work well in the construction world. This case illustrates that it is not too difficult to jump in the world of construction. Yes .. We're not talking Indonesia but the country in general, be it Japan, America, China, Malaysia, Russia, India, or the other. ok let's explore and discuss together menganai State causes a shortage of engineers or civil engineer !! ...

State cause of shortage of engineers or civil engineer

Here are some possibilities that might be the cause (in my view), could be different in the eyes of our brothers and sisters, so please be submitted and discussed further :-), for starters, the problem is

     1. Working as an engineer in his own country his salary is less than other countries (though not all countries), so many engineers who then choose to work abroad.
     2. Respect for the wise men is lower than people who are socially intelligent, smart people talk even though it was empty more prominent than the silent but knowledgeable in.
     3. Many people are not experts building actually had plenty of opportunities to get construction projects because of the proliferation of tribute system to obtain government projects. These conditions led to the civil engineer would choose a profession outside the world of construction.     4. The system bureaucracy is not simple so it took a lot of licensing and care requires a lot of cost, time, effort, etc., so many chose to retreat before opening the gate of the construction world.
   5. The amount of collusion to be able to work as a civil servant or construction companies, especially those who are still single alma mater, there is a familial relationship, willing to give a lot of money, and others. These conditions make the scientists who honestly prefer another field works.

Thus some countries cause a shortage of engineers or civil engineer, hopefully this condition does not occur in Indonesia so that all engineers in this country can work well and many are keen to take college majoring in civil engineering

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Causes of steel building collapsed

This time we discuss about the various possibilities that could be the cause of building a steel structure collapsed, yes .. the one hand there are many benefits that can be gained by using steel structures, ranging from the speed of installation, easy disassembly, easy to obtain, etc. however the planning, installation and maintenance of erroneous would potentially cause huge steel structure collapsed, the risk is not only in the loss of material in the form of damage to buildings, but the lives of its inhabitants participate at stake, it is necessary to understand thoroughly the problems that may occur so that we can do step anticipation appropriately. Well .. here are some things that can cause this huge problem.Causes of steel building collapsed

1. One of the design of steel structures, yes .. man whose name was not lost on one, for it is necessary to have the correct or reviewing the design to minimize the error, if error that led to the selection of steel dimensions smaller than the designation of the potential collapse load, otherwise the error choose steel larger dimension that would make building strength doubled, but wasteful in terms of cost.
2. Distance bolt for steel to concrete connection too tightly, if the distance bolts too tightly, the concrete structure can not be gripped by a strong, long bolts should also not be too short so that the connection is not perfect. 3. The bolt connection is not perfect, it can be overcome by repeatedly checking the current implementation of the installation of steel, followed by maintenance to ensure that the connection is always in good condition, and replace if corrosion or porous. 4. Welded less wide and more, this can occur during implementation, for example, while being fun-fun weld sudden power outages or wire welding consumables, so the welder decided that what has been done already strong without the need to weld again, nah. . if the connection was not strong then prone to collapse. 5. Excess load of the building, for example, a building that had only planned to office with a load of 250kg / m2 but is used as a car park with a load of 600 kg / m2, well .. if so then likely would collapse. 6. There was a natural disaster, for example landslides, earthquakes, fires and the like that cause structural steel buildings are not able to survive well. 7. Deliberately tear down :-) yes .. it is possible, perhaps building owners want to dismantle what is already there to be replaced by a more modern building.

So it is necessary caution in planning the steel structure, completely in implementing and discipline in performing maintenance, hopefully no more buildings collapsed, there is an additional cause of the collapse of steel the other? :-)

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How to calculate the duty BPHTB acquisition of land or buildings

Already know BPHTB sense? and how an example of how to calculate the tax BPHTB namely fees for acquisition of land and or building, here we try to describe tutorial specifically about this, menmgingat how important this is because we will encounter in the real world when buying or selling land or property, grants and various models of transitional other rights so there buyer's obligation to pay taxes to the government as a condition for recognition of ownership of land or buildings with written evidence in the form of a deed of sale and the certificate of land and buildings.

The formula BPHTB = 5% x (SVTO - NPOPTKP)

NPOP = SVTO - NPOTKP

Remarks formula

     BPHTB = fees for acquisition of the right to land and or building.
     5% = percentage BPHTB under the rules of government policy as a tax collector.
     SVTO = value of sales tax.
     NPOTKP = The object of acquisition is tax, its value is based on government regulation area where land and buildings are located.

For example, if ilmusipil.com sell the land and buildings to the town kerjasipil.com in Jakarta Indonesia, rectangular-shaped land size of 10 mx 20 m, there is a house on the land size of 10 mx 10 m. the price of land in the region Rp.1.000.000,00 / m2 while the price of the building is Rp.3.000.000,00 / m2. BPHTB how the amount of tax to be paid kerjasipil.com as a buyer, then what if the renovation after the purchase so that the size of the building turned into 10 mx 15 m does affect the amount of tax to be paid? Let us discuss here :-)

= Land area of 10 mx 20 m = 200 m2, the total land price Rp.1.000.000,00 x 200 m2 = Rp.200.000.000,00.
    Spacious house = 10 mx 10 m = 100 m2, the total price of the building Rp.3.000.000,00 x 100 m2 = Rp.300.000.000,00.
    Jadil amount of the selling price of land and houses SVTO is Rp.500.000.000,00
    NPOTKP according to local government jakarta example Rp.60.000.000,00
    NPOP = Rp.440.000.000,00.
    So the total BPHTB payable is 5% x Rp.440.000.000,00 = Rp.22.000.000,00.
So the total tax to be paid kerjasipil.com BPHTB as buyers are twenty-two million, after paying the fee it can take care of turning certificate by attaching a name to a notary stamp duty Rp.6.000,00. further building renovation work has been carried out into 10 mx 15 m = 300 m2, then kerjasipil.com have an obligation to report changes in the data area of the house because it will affect the tax calculation UN perhitunganya example we have made to one specific article here :-)

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Calculate foundation TC

Construction of high-rise building requires a means of heavy equipment for mobilization of equipment and materials to the upper floor and vice versa, the means for transport can be car crane that can move, or within one point with a tower crane, the lifting equipment that has advantages and disadvantages each in accordance with the building that will be done, for example, does not require a car crane foundation but adoptive capacity is not too large, while the tower crane with a strong foundation requires a greater lift than the crane car.To build a high-rise building with a capacity of work that is not too big of course, is a heavy price if it had to buy a tower crane new, with this condition then utilized businessman supplier of heavy equipment as a good chance to provide rental services Toer crane during the construction progresses, the rental price Toer crane can be agreed upon per month or for a development contract at a price that has been through negotiation and supply contracts are recorded in the letter of tower crane leasing tool.

Specification of the size, material, and the material foundation of the tower crane is usually provided by the supplier or manufacturer of the tool tenant tower crane, but the condition of the building work that is different from different locations so that the necessary calculations and redesign the structure of the tower crane foundation.Some of the reasons that cause the execution of the calculation of the foundation structure TC among others:

Field conditions where the structure of the tower crane was set up does not comply with the specifications given by the foundation needs tower crane manufacturers.As a Value Engineering as a cost saving effort TC foundation structure as cheaply as possible, but still strong enough to withstand the load strktur tower crane working on it during construction work in progress.As an annex to the permit related government institutions, that the foundation and the tower crane will operate later in accordance with safety procedures and deserve to be used as a development tool.As a contractor development efforts, that the foundation of the TC to be done already powerful to use, so with the approval of the TC foundation calculations, the contractor gets the cost savings or term profit structure :-)Fad counting only :-)
One thing that is troublesome in foundation work tower crane may lie in the pembobokan concrete after completion of the use of the tower crane, the size of the foundation up to several meters as well as the quality of the concrete which is quite loud, of course, a new problem for menyelesiakan cleaning work re-foundation of the tower crane that is often the target of use of the building after completion of construction required in the near future, efforts such as the acceleration of the deployment of a reliable handyman sleep, the addition of chemicals to facilitate sleep foundation of tower cranes, and other efforts, perhaps this problem will continue to occur and keep repeating until the advent of new technology foundation tower crane

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How to make reinforced concrete

RC (reinforced concrete) is a composite structure that is excellent for use in building construction. Reinforced concrete structures are various advantages resulting from the merger of two materials, namely concrete (PC + fine aggregate + coarse aggregates + additives) and steel as reinforcement. We know that the advantages of the compressive strength of concrete is high, while the excellent reinforcing steel to withstand tensile and shear force. The merger between the concrete material and reinforcement steel construction allows the actors to get new materials with the ability to withstand the compressive force, drag, and scroll to the building structure as a whole becomes stronger and safer.
Because of its advantages, the use of reinforced concrete as the main structure of the building materials are very popular. Reinforced concrete is more a choice than other materials such as bamboo, wood, conventional concrete or steel. Application of reinforced concrete in the building structure can usually be found at: foundations (such as the type of foundation in pile, bored pile), beam tie (sloop), columns, beams, concrete slab and wall shear (shear wall).
But behind the advantages possessed by reinforced concrete when compared with other materials, reinforced concrete also has a problem that could reduce his lead. Among the problems frequently encountered is the problem of cracks occurring in the material. Cracks in concrete can arise during the pre-construction and post-construction.
Actually any reinforced concrete structure applied to the cracks will occur, which must be considered is whether the cracks can be tolerated because the cracks are harmless or harmful to the overall building structure. Cracks in concrete is caused by several things, due to the influence of the nature of the concrete itself and external environmental factors that affect the concrete directly
If we look from the type of cracks, there are two types of cracks in reinforced concrete that cracks occur when the manufacture of concrete and cracks that occur after the concrete is finished. Of the two types of cracks are a lot of various factors behind the occurrence of such cracks. What are the factors that cause cracks in the reinforced concrete? Here we describe to you ..
The factors Causes of Concrete Cracks Happens When Making Concrete
1. Nature of ConcreteTo see how the properties of reinforced concrete can cause cracks we have to look at the process of beginning the manufacture of reinforced concrete. At the beginning of the manufacture of reinforced concrete by mixing the constituent materials such as gravel, sand, water, cement, and steel reinforcement. In the process of hardening concrete will experience a reduction in the volume of the initial volume. Generally this is due to the water contained in the concrete mix will experience partial evaporation which reduces the volume of the reinforced concrete.
Therefore, when conditioned upon hardening of concrete experience and as a result of the reduced volume of concrete that will lead to shrinkage of the concrete, but concrete is allowed to shrink without loading the concrete will not have cracks. But in actual field conditions no concrete are not experiencing loading. Because there are no beams or columns on a stand-alone building but will be concatenated to one another and it would make reinforced concrete works resist loads on the building.

So if the current environment of concrete shrinkage occurs later volume loading, the crack was unavoidable.
2. TemperatureCan not be ignored temperatures can also cause cracks in reinforced concrete. Mean temperature here is the temperature of the concrete mix when experiencing pavement. Because when a mixture of reinforced concrete experience perkerasaan temperature arising from the reaction of water with cement will continue to increase. Hence, in the concrete mix temperature is too high, when the concrete has been hard haunting cracks on the concrete surface.
3. Corrosion of reinforcementActually, to anticipate the cracks that occur as a result of the nature of the concrete itself, given concrete reinforcement on the inside are made of steel. So expect the presence of the reinforcing steel concrete cracks as a result of the nature of the overall spread in the concrete into pieces so small that the cracks can be neglected. But when reinforcement is used during the manufacture of concrete already meengalami corrosion, the reinforcement it will lead to cracks when the concrete hardens.
4. The process of making poorThere are so many causes of cracks that occurred in reinforced concrete caused by the manufacturing process is not good. For example when the concrete experience of pavement where a lot of water out, hence the need for care in the concrete so that the expenditure of water from the concrete mix is not excessive. But due to lack of care, so that when concrete is formed then there are many cracks.
5. Materials that are less good.Lots happening cracks in reinforced concrete structures caused by its constituent materials that are less good. Some things such as are often found is fine aggregate or sand is not clean, still mixed with mud so that the bond between the PC and the aggregate becomes detached. So when the concrete dries it cracks will easily occur.
6. How reinforcementTime and again I found the reinforced concrete structure made with less precise way. The most common is the thickness of the reinforcement to the concrete surface is too large. It sebenanrnya less precise because of the function of reinforcing steel is to withstand the force of latitude (on beam and plate), deformation due to deflection, and shear force.
If the concrete is too large thick blanket eating a regular cracks occur from the surface of the concrete structure reinforcement to the part that is inside. Reinforcement should have made a bit out, and blankets or skin that wraps reinforcement made as thin as possible (1.5 s / d 2 cm). Because the tensile force and the compressive force is greatest at the end of the concrete surface.

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indonesian civil engineering

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State cause of shortage of engineers or civil engineer

Causes of steel building collapsed

How to calculate the duty BPHTB acquisition of land or buildings

Calculate foundation TC

How to make reinforced concrete