indonesian civil engineering

Calculate foundation TC

Construction of high-rise building requires a means of heavy equipment for mobilization of equipment and materials to the upper floor and vice versa, the means for transport can be car crane that can move, or within one point with a tower crane, the lifting equipment that has advantages and disadvantages each in accordance with the building that will be done, for example, does not require a car crane foundation but adoptive capacity is not too large, while the tower crane with a strong foundation requires a greater lift than the crane car.To build a high-rise building with a capacity of work that is not too big of course, is a heavy price if it had to buy a tower crane new, with this condition then utilized businessman supplier of heavy equipment as a good chance to provide rental services Toer crane during the construction progresses, the rental price Toer crane can be agreed upon per month or for a development contract at a price that has been through negotiation and supply contracts are recorded in the letter of tower crane leasing tool.

Specification of the size, material, and the material foundation of the tower crane is usually provided by the supplier or manufacturer of the tool tenant tower crane, but the condition of the building work that is different from different locations so that the necessary calculations and redesign the structure of the tower crane foundation.Some of the reasons that cause the execution of the calculation of the foundation structure TC among others:

Field conditions where the structure of the tower crane was set up does not comply with the specifications given by the foundation needs tower crane manufacturers.As a Value Engineering as a cost saving effort TC foundation structure as cheaply as possible, but still strong enough to withstand the load strktur tower crane working on it during construction work in progress.As an annex to the permit related government institutions, that the foundation and the tower crane will operate later in accordance with safety procedures and deserve to be used as a development tool.As a contractor development efforts, that the foundation of the TC to be done already powerful to use, so with the approval of the TC foundation calculations, the contractor gets the cost savings or term profit structure :-)Fad counting only :-)
One thing that is troublesome in foundation work tower crane may lie in the pembobokan concrete after completion of the use of the tower crane, the size of the foundation up to several meters as well as the quality of the concrete which is quite loud, of course, a new problem for menyelesiakan cleaning work re-foundation of the tower crane that is often the target of use of the building after completion of construction required in the near future, efforts such as the acceleration of the deployment of a reliable handyman sleep, the addition of chemicals to facilitate sleep foundation of tower cranes, and other efforts, perhaps this problem will continue to occur and keep repeating until the advent of new technology foundation tower crane

How to make reinforced concrete

RC (reinforced concrete) is a composite structure that is excellent for use in building construction. Reinforced concrete structures are various advantages resulting from the merger of two materials, namely concrete (PC + fine aggregate + coarse aggregates + additives) and steel as reinforcement. We know that the advantages of the compressive strength of concrete is high, while the excellent reinforcing steel to withstand tensile and shear force. The merger between the concrete material and reinforcement steel construction allows the actors to get new materials with the ability to withstand the compressive force, drag, and scroll to the building structure as a whole becomes stronger and safer.
Because of its advantages, the use of reinforced concrete as the main structure of the building materials are very popular. Reinforced concrete is more a choice than other materials such as bamboo, wood, conventional concrete or steel. Application of reinforced concrete in the building structure can usually be found at: foundations (such as the type of foundation in pile, bored pile), beam tie (sloop), columns, beams, concrete slab and wall shear (shear wall).
But behind the advantages possessed by reinforced concrete when compared with other materials, reinforced concrete also has a problem that could reduce his lead. Among the problems frequently encountered is the problem of cracks occurring in the material. Cracks in concrete can arise during the pre-construction and post-construction.
Actually any reinforced concrete structure applied to the cracks will occur, which must be considered is whether the cracks can be tolerated because the cracks are harmless or harmful to the overall building structure. Cracks in concrete is caused by several things, due to the influence of the nature of the concrete itself and external environmental factors that affect the concrete directly
If we look from the type of cracks, there are two types of cracks in reinforced concrete that cracks occur when the manufacture of concrete and cracks that occur after the concrete is finished. Of the two types of cracks are a lot of various factors behind the occurrence of such cracks. What are the factors that cause cracks in the reinforced concrete? Here we describe to you ..
The factors Causes of Concrete Cracks Happens When Making Concrete
1. Nature of ConcreteTo see how the properties of reinforced concrete can cause cracks we have to look at the process of beginning the manufacture of reinforced concrete. At the beginning of the manufacture of reinforced concrete by mixing the constituent materials such as gravel, sand, water, cement, and steel reinforcement. In the process of hardening concrete will experience a reduction in the volume of the initial volume. Generally this is due to the water contained in the concrete mix will experience partial evaporation which reduces the volume of the reinforced concrete.
Therefore, when conditioned upon hardening of concrete experience and as a result of the reduced volume of concrete that will lead to shrinkage of the concrete, but concrete is allowed to shrink without loading the concrete will not have cracks. But in actual field conditions no concrete are not experiencing loading. Because there are no beams or columns on a stand-alone building but will be concatenated to one another and it would make reinforced concrete works resist loads on the building.

So if the current environment of concrete shrinkage occurs later volume loading, the crack was unavoidable.
2. TemperatureCan not be ignored temperatures can also cause cracks in reinforced concrete. Mean temperature here is the temperature of the concrete mix when experiencing pavement. Because when a mixture of reinforced concrete experience perkerasaan temperature arising from the reaction of water with cement will continue to increase. Hence, in the concrete mix temperature is too high, when the concrete has been hard haunting cracks on the concrete surface.
3. Corrosion of reinforcementActually, to anticipate the cracks that occur as a result of the nature of the concrete itself, given concrete reinforcement on the inside are made of steel. So expect the presence of the reinforcing steel concrete cracks as a result of the nature of the overall spread in the concrete into pieces so small that the cracks can be neglected. But when reinforcement is used during the manufacture of concrete already meengalami corrosion, the reinforcement it will lead to cracks when the concrete hardens.
4. The process of making poorThere are so many causes of cracks that occurred in reinforced concrete caused by the manufacturing process is not good. For example when the concrete experience of pavement where a lot of water out, hence the need for care in the concrete so that the expenditure of water from the concrete mix is not excessive. But due to lack of care, so that when concrete is formed then there are many cracks.
5. Materials that are less good.Lots happening cracks in reinforced concrete structures caused by its constituent materials that are less good. Some things such as are often found is fine aggregate or sand is not clean, still mixed with mud so that the bond between the PC and the aggregate becomes detached. So when the concrete dries it cracks will easily occur.
6. How reinforcementTime and again I found the reinforced concrete structure made with less precise way. The most common is the thickness of the reinforcement to the concrete surface is too large. It sebenanrnya less precise because of the function of reinforcing steel is to withstand the force of latitude (on beam and plate), deformation due to deflection, and shear force.
If the concrete is too large thick blanket eating a regular cracks occur from the surface of the concrete structure reinforcement to the part that is inside. Reinforcement should have made a bit out, and blankets or skin that wraps reinforcement made as thin as possible (1.5 s / d 2 cm). Because the tensile force and the compressive force is greatest at the end of the concrete surface.

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Calculate foundation TC

How to make reinforced concrete